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It comes as President Macron told big web companies to expect more regulation from France and Europe, saying he wants a middle way between a self-regulated, ungoverned 鈥淐ali颅for颅nian鈥� internet and a highly controlled 鈥淐hinese鈥� one.

Remembering the optimism of the early days of the web, Mr Berners-Lee proposed principles to be agreed by governments, firms and individuals to rebuild trust and end 鈥渙nline abuse, prejudice, bias, polarisation and fake news鈥�. He said: 鈥淭he web鈥檚 undeniable benefits seem to come with far too many unacceptable risks: to our privacy, our democracy, even our mental health.鈥�

France鈥檚 Digital Minister Mounir Mahjoubi was one of the first signatories to the contract, which Mr Berners-Lee likened to a Magna Carta 鈥渇or a free, open and safe web that benefits everyone鈥�.

Google and Facebook also signed, along with Internet Sans Fronti猫res (a French network defending freedom of expression) and individuals such as Richard Bran颅son and Gordon Brown.

Meanwhile, Mr Macron, speaking at the Internet Governance Forum at Unesco鈥檚 Paris headquarters, said there will be new rules on matters such as fair taxation, copyright, protection of private life, the 鈥渞ight to good quality information鈥� and online security. He hoped to address the issues in cooperation with the big firms, on a voluntary basis and not just with laws.

The state will work with Facebook to examine how to moderate hateful content on its site.